Indonesia carbon emissions and environmental impact

Indonesia air pollution

Indonesia as an air pollution mortality rate of 112.4 per 100,000 population. The mean annual exposure of PM2.5 in Indonesia is 16.5 mg/m³, endangering 95.6% of its population according to the World Health Organisation guidelines.

Indonesia energy

The energy intensity level of primary energy in Indonesia is 3.53 MJ/$2011 PPP GDP. 58.4% of Indonesia population has access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, and the renewable energy consumption represent 36.9% of the country's total energy consumption.

Electricity production breakdown:

• Oil, gas and coal sources: 89.34%
• Renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric: 4.78%
• Renewable electricity output: 10.65%

Indonesia territory

The territory of Indonesia has a surface area of 1913580 km², 1811570 of which being land area. Forests represents 49.9% of the land with 903256 km². Around 3.1% of territorial waters are protected marine areas.

Indonesia adjusted savings

It is estimated that the adjusted net savings of Indonesia are around $130,537,025,571 which represent 12.9% of the gross national income.

• Carbon dioxide damages: $20,507,921,640 (2.03)%
• Mineral depletion: $5,636,970,999 (0.56)%
• Particulate emission damage: $3,795,673,544 (0.37)%
• Energy depletion: $21,618,858,921 (2.14)%
• Education expenditure: $33,068,541,861 (3.27)%

Indonesia rents

The total resources rents of Indonesia represent 4.77707% of its gross domestic product.

• Oil rents: 1.16862% of GDP
• Natural gas rents: 1.03796% of GDP
• Mineral rents: 1.12310% of GDP
• Forest rents: 0.38749% of GDP